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山(shan)推壓路機(ji)配(pei)件冬(dong)季都有(you)哪些使用注意(yi)事項？

1、發(fa)動(dong)機(ji)需預熱和保溫

預(yu)熱(re)發(fa)動機(ji)最簡(jian)單的方(fang)法是將熱(re)至85℃的水(shui)(shui)(冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)液)注(zhu)入冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)，讓(rang)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)邊(bian)加水(shui)(shui)(冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)液)邊(bian)從排放(fang)孔(kong)放(fang)水(shui)(shui)(冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)液)。待流(liu)出的水(shui)(shui)溫(wen)(冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)液)達到30-40℃時(shi)關(guan)閉(bi)放(fang)水(shui)(shui)塞(sai)，并停留10-15min，待發(fa)動機(ji)水(shui)(shui)套里的水(shui)(shui)溫(wen)與氣缸體溫(wen)度趨于一致(zhi)時(shi)，便可(ke)啟動發(fa)動機(ji)。還可(ke)以將曲(qu)軸箱中的機(ji)油放(fang)出來，經加熱(re)后(hou)再注(zhu)入，以增加潤滑效果和(he)減少曲(qu)軸運轉的阻力。預(yu)熱(re)機(ji)油時(shi)，不能(neng)在操作過程中造成(cheng)新的污(wu)染。

保(bao)溫的(de)主要措(cuo)施是，在發動機機罩和(he)散(san)熱器罩上裝棉制保(bao)溫套；進(jin)、排氣(qi)管上加裝鐵皮保(bao)溫罩，可(ke)以利用排氣(qi)管的(de)熱量預(yu)熱進(jin)氣(qi)。

2、正確選用(yong)油(you)液

冬季要采用(yong)低(di)(di)(di)(di)凝(ning)點的(de)(de)輕柴(chai)油(you)，以便提(ti)高發動(dong)機低(di)(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)啟動(dong)性能，增加(jia)發動(dong)機功率(lv)。0號(hao)(hao)柴(chai)油(you)適用(yong)于(yu)(yu)風(feng)(feng)險率(lv)為(wei)(wei)10%、最(zui)低(di)(di)(di)(di)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)不(bu)(bu)低(di)(di)(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)4℃的(de)(de)地(di)(di)區(qu)；-10號(hao)(hao)柴(chai)油(you)適用(yong)于(yu)(yu)風(feng)(feng)險率(lv)為(wei)(wei)10%、最(zui)低(di)(di)(di)(di)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)不(bu)(bu)低(di)(di)(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)-5℃的(de)(de)地(di)(di)區(qu)；-20號(hao)(hao)柴(chai)油(you)適用(yong)于(yu)(yu)風(feng)(feng)險率(lv)為(wei)(wei)10%、最(zui)低(di)(di)(di)(di)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)不(bu)(bu)低(di)(di)(di)(di)干-14℃的(de)(de)地(di)(di)區(qu)；-35號(hao)(hao)柴(chai)油(you)適用(yong)于(yu)(yu)風(feng)(feng)險率(lv)為(wei)(wei)10%、最(zui)低(di)(di)(di)(di)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)不(bu)(bu)低(di)(di)(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)-29℃的(de)(de)地(di)(di)區(qu)；-50號(hao)(hao)柴(chai)油(you)適用(yong)于(yu)(yu)風(feng)(feng)險率(lv)為(wei)(wei)10%、最(zui)低(di)(di)(di)(di)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)不(bu)(bu)低(di)(di)(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)-44℃的(de)(de)地(di)(di)區(qu)。

缺少(shao)低(di)(di)凝點柴(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)時，可通(tong)過(guo)預(yu)(yu)熱(re)改善(shan)高(gao)凝點柴(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的霧化(hua)狀(zhuang)況。預(yu)(yu)熱(re)的方法有(you)兩種。一(yi)是(shi)廢(fei)氣(qi)預(yu)(yu)熱(re)：從發動機(ji)(ji)排(pai)氣(qi)管接1根管子(zi)穿過(guo)燃(ran)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)箱，利(li)用排(pai)出的氣(qi)體(ti)預(yu)(yu)熱(re)柴(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，但需(xu)要先使用低(di)(di)凝點柴(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)啟(qi)動發動機(ji)(ji)，待被加熱(re)的燃(ran)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)流動后再換用高(gao)凝點柴(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，并且(qie)在停(ting)機(ji)(ji)前10～12min改用低(di)(di)凝點柴(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，以免停(ting)機(ji)(ji)后油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)路(lu)堵塞。二(er)是(shi)循環(huan)水(shui)(shui)預(yu)(yu)熱(re)：將循環(huan)水(shui)(shui)用管子(zi)通(tong)過(guo)燃(ran)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)箱，或(huo)做成夾層油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)箱(內層裝(zhuang)柴(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)、外層通(tong)循環(huan)水(shui)(shui))。在開機(ji)(ji)前可用開水(shui)(shui)預(yu)(yu)熱(re)(應控制柴(chai)(chai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)溫度(du)使之不(bu)超過(guo)60℃)，但要保證預(yu)(yu)熱(re)裝(zhuang)置不(bu)漏水(shui)(shui)、不(bu)漏油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)、不(bu)漏氣(qi)。

在高凝點柴油(you)里摻入10%～40%的(de)煤油(you)，并混合均(jun)勻，也能降低燃油(you)的(de)凝點。

此外，機(ji)油(you)、齒(chi)輪油(you)、液壓油(you)和制動油(you)等要改(gai)用冬季用油(you)。

3、定(ding)期檢查維護蓄電(dian)池

蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池內電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液不能虧缺，要(yao)使(shi)極(ji)板淹(yan)沒10mm，必要(yao)時添加蒸餾水(shui)(切忌(ji)加注(zhu)河(he)水(shui)、井(jing)水(shui)或濃硫酸)。保(bao)持(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液密度在1.28g/cm3(相當于充(chong)足(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian))，以(yi)保(bao)證(zheng)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能力。調(diao)節(jie)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)調(diao)節(jie)器(qi)，適當提高(gao)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量，使(shi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓較夏(xia)季高(gao)0.6V。這樣可以(yi)保(bao)證(zheng)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)充(chong)足(zu)，易于啟動。同(tong)時，應(ying)防范電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液外泄(xie)、腐蝕(shi)。

4、正確選用防凍液

防(fang)(fang)凍(dong)(dong)(dong)液(ye)應(ying)根據不(bu)(bu)同(tong)地區(qu)和不(bu)(bu)同(tong)車型選(xuan)用(yong)。使用(yong)2年以上(shang)的防(fang)(fang)凍(dong)(dong)(dong)液(ye)應(ying)更換，混(hun)合防(fang)(fang)凍(dong)(dong)(dong)液(ye)必須1年更換一次。不(bu)(bu)同(tong)品牌不(bu)(bu)同(tong)型號的產品不(bu)(bu)要(yao)混(hun)用(yong)。冬季作業時一般(ban)不(bu)(bu)要(yao)使用(yong)配(pei)重水(shui)和灑(sa)水(shui)。

5、及時檢查維護制動系統

壓路機多采用高壓空(kong)氣(qi)作為(wei)制(zhi)動(dong)介質(zhi)，若干(gan)燥器(qi)失效，制(zhi)動(dong)管路內(nei)部(bu)含(han)水(shui)過(guo)多，就可能(neng)發(fa)生管路凍(dong)結(jie)，導致制(zhi)動(dong)不靈。必須及時檢查油水(shui)分(fen)離器(qi)、空(kong)氣(qi)干(gan)燥器(qi)，防止制(zhi)動(dong)管路發(fa)生凍(dong)結(jie)。

6、經(jing)常檢(jian)查(cha)并更換輪胎

冬季(ji)，輪胎(tai)會變硬變脆，不但與地面的(de)摩擦系數降低，而且易于漏(lou)氣、扎胎(tai)。應經(jing)常(chang)清除胎(tai)紋(wen)里的(de)雜(za)物，避免使用補過1次以上的(de)輪胎(tai)，要更換磨損較大和(he)不同品牌(pai)不同花紋(wen)的(de)輪胎(tai)。

7、空(kong)調要定(ding)時開啟

空調在冬季是不經常使(shi)用的，但必須(xu)每周(zhou)開啟5-10min，讓(rang)機件得以潤滑，防止軟管(guan)硬(ying)化(hua)。